Introduction:
Witness a rare astronomical phenomenon at the mortuary temple of Queen Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari, where the sun falls perpendicular to the temple’s holy shrines twice a year. This spectacular event showcases the architectural genius of Senenmut, who designed the temple on a precise solar axis to receive the winter sun.​

The Phenomenon:
On January 6 and December 9, sunlight penetrates through the temple’s carefully designed openings, illuminating the shrine of Amun-Ra in the innermost sanctuary. The perpendicular alignment continues for approximately 10 consecutive minutes, bathing the normally dark holy of holies in golden rays. The temple’s orientation at 116.5 degrees demonstrates the ancient Egyptians’ advanced understanding of solar astronomy.​

Historical Significance:
Built around 1450 BC, this three-tiered temple carved into the Theban cliffs represents one of ancient Egypt’s most magnificent architectural achievements. The solar alignment affirmed Queen Hatshepsut’s divine connection to Amun-Ra, legitimizing her unprecedented reign as female pharaoh. The precise astronomical calculations required to achieve this biannual phenomenon demonstrate the sophisticated scientific knowledge of ancient Egyptian architects.​

Cultural Impact:
These alignment dates attract Egyptian and international visitors who gather to witness this testament to pharaonic ingenuity. The phenomenon is part of Luxor’s broader astronomical heritage, which includes nine celestial events throughout the year.