Al-Azhar Mosque is not only a symbol of Cairo’s Islamic heritage, but also the spiritual and intellectual heart of Sunni Islam for over a millennium. Its history bridges dynasties, empires, and modern Egypt—making it a must-see for anyone interested in history, culture, and architecture. If you want to know about visiting, its architectural details, or its university, just ask!
Key points about its history:
- Foundation:
- Built in 970–972 CE by the Fatimid dynasty, after their conquest of Egypt.
- Named “Al-Azhar” (“the most resplendent”) after Fatima al-Zahra, the daughter of Prophet Muhammad and a revered figure in Shia Islam.
- Architectural Growth:
- Originally a modest prayer hall, Al-Azhar has been expanded and remodeled over the centuries, incorporating Mamluk, Ottoman, and modern architectural additions.
- Features multiple courtyards (sahn), minarets from different eras, intricately carved stonework, and a magnificent marble prayer hall.
- Al-Azhar University:
- Became a center of learning just two years after the mosque’s foundation, evolving into what is often considered the world’s oldest continuously operating university.
- Originally focused on Islamic law, theology, and Arabic grammar, it later added secular fields of science, math, and literature.
- Attracts students and scholars from across the Muslim world, serving as a powerhouse of Sunni scholarship.
- Spiritual and Social Influence:
- The mosque played key roles during periods of political upheaval: mobilizing for independence, hosting religious debate, and adapting through Ottoman, colonial, and modern Egyptian eras.
- Al-Azhar’s religious rulings (fatwas) and education system have shaped Islamic practice and discourse throughout the Middle East and beyond.
- Today:
- Still a functioning mosque and the heart of Al-Azhar University, which oversees networks of affiliated schools throughout Egypt.
- Open to visitors outside prayer times; its courtyards and prayer halls are admired for their beauty and tranquility.
Summary:
Al-Azhar Mosque is not only a symbol of Cairo’s Islamic heritage, but also the spiritual and intellectual heart of Sunni Islam for over a millennium. Its history bridges dynasties, empires, and modern Egypt—making it a must-see for anyone interested in history, culture, and architecture. If you want to know about visiting, its architectural details, or its university, just ask!