Cairo’s most important Islamic monuments span centuries of dynasties and styles—from the foundational Al-Azhar and awe-inspiring Sultan Hassan to the iconic Muhammad Ali Mosque and the medieval treasures lining Al-Muizz Street. They’re living centers of worship, history, art, and culture—making Islamic Cairo one of the world’s great heritage destinations. Let me know if you want practical tips, visiting hours, or accessible highlights!
1. Al-Azhar Mosque & University
- Founded in 970–972 CE, it’s not only a beautiful mosque but also the historic center of Islamic scholarship globally.
2. Mosque of Muhammad Ali (Alabaster Mosque)
- The largest mosque in Cairo, located within the Citadel, built in the 19th century by Muhammad Ali Pasha.
- Its dramatic Ottoman architecture and city views make it an iconic landmark.
3. Mosque of Ibn Tulun
- Built in the 9th century, it’s the oldest mosque in Cairo still in its original form.
- Famous for its huge open courtyard, spiral minaret, and atmospheric architecture.
4. Sultan Hassan Mosque & Madrassa
- Founded in the 14th century, considered a masterpiece of Mamluk architecture.
- Notable for its immense size, dramatic arches, and tomb of Sultan Hassan.
5. Al-Rifa’i Mosque
- Built next to Sultan Hassan, it contains royal tombs (including King Farouk and former Shah of Iran).
- Striking combination of Mamluk and modern design.
6. Al-Hakim Mosque
- Restored Fatimid-era mosque in Islamic Cairo, famous for its massive minarets and historic location at the heart of the old city walls.
7. Al-Muizz Street and Complexes
- The spine of medieval Islamic Cairo, packed with historic mosques, madrasas (schools), mausoleums, and palaces.
- Highlights include the Qalawun Complex, Barquq Mosque-Madrassa, and Sabils (public fountains).
8. Bab Zuweila and City Gates
- Historic gates from the Fatimid period; climb for panoramic views and explore nearby Mamluk monuments.
9. Sayyidna Al-Hussein Mosque
- One of Cairo’s holiest mosques, deeply revered by both locals and visiting pilgrims.
10. Mosque of Al-Sayyida Nafisa
- Major pilgrimage site, resting place of an important female descendant of the Prophet Muhammad.
Bonus Monuments & Sites:
- Mosque of Al-Sultan Al-Muayyad
- Mosque and Madrassa of Al-Saleh Tala’i
- The Citadel of Saladin (itself a legendary site with several mosques)
Summary:
Cairo’s most important Islamic monuments span centuries of dynasties and styles—from the foundational Al-Azhar and awe-inspiring Sultan Hassan to the iconic Muhammad Ali Mosque and the medieval treasures lining Al-Muizz Street. They’re living centers of worship, history, art, and culture—making Islamic Cairo one of the world’s great heritage destinations. Let me know if you want practical tips, visiting hours, or accessible highlights!